"In Sweden, you see very little variation in the outcome of children based on marital status.
Since there is variation in the outcome measures, we give an integral overview of all the individual ES's in the studies.
There is a wide variation in the outcome measurements used and often no validated measurements were used.
Briefly, interested readers are referred to Behrman (2016) for a recent review of research using this approach; researchers begin by assuming that all variation in the outcome being investigated could be decomposed into additively separable genetic and environmental contribution.
We then compute what fraction of the total variation in the outcome can be explained by each component of the model as well as the model as a whole.
After municipalities that have no variation in the outcome are excluded (which is necessary due to the municipality level fixed effects which would otherwise perfectly predict the outcome), the sample consists of 27,445 pregnancies.
In the random effects model, and in the cross-sectional model presented for the year 2000 in Table 2, population effects do come into play when considering variation in the outcome between cases.
ε ij likely contains shocks such as favorable or unfavorable weather for that particular wine's growing season, natural variation in the outcome resulting from the winemaking process, and other individual wine-specific shocks, which will be independent of the observed independent variables.
This model accounted for 81 percent of the variation in the outcome.
According to our model, variation in the outcome of treatment could be explained by differences in the number of quiescent cells that have been generated during tumor growth.
The baseline model accounted for 78 percent of the variation in the outcome, and showed that higher income was associated with better child health status (β = .20).20
