Furthermore, the annual variation in mean passage time in the Mediterranean area was positively correlated with primary production in both departure region and passage areas in several trans-Sahara migrants [ 10].
Concerning craniofacial variation, there is no conclusive evidence indicating a substantial loss of phenotypic variation in the passage from Asia to the Americas.
The chromosome number of several clonal lines tested was near-euploid, but, because of some variation in karyotype with passage number, for each gene showing monoallelic expression we verified the presence of both alleles by PCR (Figure S3).
The high sequence coverage of the horse passaged isolate and of the two human isolates allows a calculation of the level of genome variation upon passage in these hosts.
Some of their drawbacks include, variation in cell phenotype with passage and their neuroblastoma lineage.
The telomeres of cdc13Δ exo1Δ pif1Δ mutants were long with more variation in length, and by passage 11, the median telomere length and variance in length increased (lanes 9 12, 21 24, Figure 7B).
To avoid variation in results due to increase in passage number, all the experiments were performed using (WT and casp2−/−) MEFs between 3rd to 7th passages.
Additional limitations on the use of RPE cell cultures arise because of the genetic instability of continuous cell lines, which results from their unstable aneuploidy chromosome constitution, and heterogeneity of short-term cultures in terms of growth rate and capacity for intrapopulation differentiation, with consequent variation in their properties between passages.
We report that inhibitors with a diacetylene scaffold effectively overcome the resistance caused by sequence variation in the LpxC substrate-binding passage.
However, since there are no intermediate morphologies among Circum-Arctic and Central American skulls, it is likely that the spread of the highly derived morphology across Circum-Arctic environments is a circumscribed dispersal process operating from Asia to the Americas (and vice versa?), rather than a loss of variation in South America due to the passage across the Isthmus of Panama.
