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And what determines the large variation in leptin levels among individuals?
The combination of maternal and paternal family history of T2DM accounted for 4% (P = 0.003) of the variation in leptin concentrations.
The presence of a combined maternal and paternal family history of T2DM accounted for 4% (P = 0.003) of the variation in leptin concentrations.
Van Harmelen et al. (22) suggested that gender difference in leptin concentration was a consequence of variation in leptin secretion present in women and not in men.
Moreover, after adjusting for these variables, the bioavailability of estrogens also explains a significant proportion of the variation in leptin levels in postmenopausal women on hormone-replacement therapy (HRT).
Mutual adjustment for leptin attenuated the associations between phobic anxiety and sTNF-αRII (P for trend = 0.06), indicating that variation in leptin levels may partly explain the association with sTNF-αRII.
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Studies have shown that there are variations in leptin gene expression in adipose tissue depending on the site where it is deposited, where expression is greater in subcutaneous compared with visceral adipose tissue.
Common genetic variants (e.g., SNPs) at the LEPR gene locus have been associated with obesity, hyperinsulinemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and variations in leptin levels in different populations.
Moreover, given that circadian and postprandial variations in leptin and adiponectin levels are modest [ 15], the LAR has potential additional value as a measure of insulin resistance because, in contrast to conventional indices of insulin action, it may be a valid measure of insulin resistance even when measured in the non-fasted state.
Genetic variation in the leptin receptor gene and obesity in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.
It is therefore possible that genetic variation/s in the LEP, possibly related to variation in serum leptin concentration may be associated with markers of kidney disease such as urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), Scr and eGFR.
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