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However, this gain is diminished for solar cells with a dominant recombination effect where the variation in device characteristics with illumination is the largest.
DS flow is a useful alternative sample liquid transport method for μPADs, allowing to perform multiple fully independent assays with enlarged sample volumes without requiring any significant variation in device design and fabrication.
This problem can be overcome with the addition of a thin metal-oxide layer on top of the electrode which greatly slowed the electrode de-wetting with little variation in device performance – representing a potential solution for applications where a thin silver electrode is required.
A large number of physical effects and causes may lead to the manifestations, including broken wires, shorts or bridging between nodes that should be distinct, excessive or inadequate doping in a device, poor contacts between materials or features, or excessive variation in device size.
The large variation in device output between different devices stems from the variable position and shape of the cathode which is not lithographically defined in our current designs.
In Figure 9b we can see that the variation in device performance is mainly governed by the short circuit current, with the devices made with the propyl ligand showing both the highest current and efficiency.
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The robustness of the architecture to variations in device characteristics is also investigated.
The ability to resolve and correlate subtle changes in film composition to variations in device performance will help inform efforts in device design, while also serving as a diagnostic tool to better understand the mechanisms for device degradation and failure.
MEMS gyroscopes have been used to demonstrate that both the choice of materials and variations in device design can lead to significant differences in the measured quality (Q) factors of the device.
Thus, variations in device characteristics among studies make it difficult to provide an objective comparison of clinical outcomes.
Detect the device, "adapt" the page on the server and send down the smallest amount of code you can get away with, while allowing the page/code to "respond" to the small variations in devices -- i.e., do both!
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