Sentence examples for variation in constraint from inspiring English sources

The measured motions were consistent with the intrinsic constraint provided by the implant components and the variation in constraint over the flexion range.

We used branchXsites models implemented in codeml [24], [25], [26] to test the a priori hypothesis that the pattern of variation in constraint among sites was different on the branch leading to C. nitida (specified as the foreground branch) than the pattern of among-site variation across the rest of the tree (background branches).

Likewise, the variation in constraint among these compartment raises interesting questions: it is unclear why enzymes from the Golgi apparatus and nucleus should be more highly conserved than those from the central group of compartments.

The shape and location of the lateral ventricles change over a sequence of slices, so each CT slice is mapped to the corresponding MRI slice to allow for appropriate variation in constraints on ventricle size and position.

From a molecular evolution perspective, this method can be interpreted as an attempt to characterize rate heterogeneity or variations in constraint.

A heterogeneity index is introduced to quantify local variations in constraint density to investigate the impact on the VPG results when there is greater or lesser degree of spatial variance in the distribution of distance constraints within a network.

For dN to be less variable than dS, variation in selective constraint on the protein will have to counterbalance variation in mutation rate.

Importantly, rates of divergence in annotated versus unannotated regions of proteins do not resolve these issues because variation in functional constraint cannot be distinguished from variation in the frequency of directional selection.

We used fitmodel [23] to test whether changes in the pattern of among-site variation in selective constraint varied across the tree, perhaps in association with the loss of specific group II introns (Fig. 1).

Significant variation in selective constraint across sites within domain X was observed when comparing nested models with a single ratio of dN/dS (M0) versus models with two or three rate ratio classes (M3; Table 2, line 2).

10.7554/eLife.05462.012 Figure 9. Natural variation in expression constraint and gene copy-number variation.