Exact(4)
The regulation of complement activation (RCA) locus contains multiple haplotypes altering AMD risk including the haplotype carrying the Y402H variation in complement factor H (CFH; Gene ID 3075 [15] [18]].
The first replicable results from these studies mapped a variation in complement factor H gene to age related macular degeneration [ 6].
Recently, it has been shown that polymorphisms (collectively termed 'complotype') in complement proteins C3, FB and CFH can be associated with an up to sixfold variation in complement haemolytic activity in vitro 17.
We included variation within four nucleotides, two adjacent in FB and one in each of C3 and CFH, that have been shown to determine a sixfold variation in complement haemolytic activity in vitro 17.
Similar(56)
Variations in complement regulation between patients may also affect the degree of activation resulting from an initial trigger.
The variations in degree of complement activation in acute TTP are notable, and there are various possibilities for this: given the positive correlation between IgG level and C3a, variations in complement activation may relate to antibody burden or potency of antibodies.
Multiple variations in complement factor B (BF) and component 2 (C2) genes are associated with either increased risk for AMD or providing protective effects against AMD, depending on the variant gene present (Gold et al. 2006); the R32Q single nucleotide polymorphism of BF (H7) and a variant in intron 10 of C2 confer a significantly reduced risk of AMD (Gold et al. 2007).
Previously, we described complement factor 5a to be higher in DCT patients and identified genetic variation in the complement factor 5 gene to influence disease course [12, 29].
However, variation in the complement of mitochondrial-encoded molecules involved in translation, including transfer RNAs (tRNAs), provides evidence for the ongoing evolution of mitochondrial protein synthesis.
Genetic findings in this area include a positive association of coronary heart disease with genetic variation in the complement factor H gene [ 8] but not with variation in the CRP gene [ 6].
Moreover, the idea that variation in the complement pathway itself might be important in determining the severity of glomerulonephritis has been supported by recent evidence indicating that common genetic variation in the genes encoding complement regulators can affect susceptibility to these diseases in the general population (Gharavi et al., 2011; Zhao et al., 2011).
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