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Most of this variability is determined by the polyglutamine expansion, with longer repeats causing earlier onset, but a genome-wide analysis5 found several genomic regions in which variation can modulate the disease's age of onset — and these regions seem mostly to contain genes related to DNA repair, among other factors.
In recent years, evidence has revealed that genetic variation can modulate several important biological processes, thereby altering cancer susceptibility.
There are multiple ways in which genetic variation can modulate the nature, abundance and function of proteins, including effects of non-coding variants on transcription, regulation of translation and RNA editing, and alternative splicing.
This is in contrast to the central role that the organellar genome plays in controlling organismal metabolism and function and the developing body of literature suggesting that organellar genomic variation can modulate the effects of nuclear genomic variation.
Our results provide support for the idea that individual genotypic variation can modulate systemic exposure, and thus health risks, associated with exposure to THMs by affecting the relative concentrations of parent THMs and detoxified or activated metabolites present in an individual's blood.
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For example, length variation in multimegabase stretches of satDNA repeats of the Drosophila Y chromosome could be the major source of epigenetic variation which can modulate gene expression and cause variable phenotypes including differences in immune response.
The pathway we have identified by which genetic variation in FOXO3A can modulate inflammatory cytokine production in monocytes would not only be expected to influence the outcome of CD, but also of other diseases involving these cytokines.
Therefore, spatial and temporal variation of these conditions can modulate the strength of biotic interactions and indirectly influence the pattern of invasion.
Thus, variation in ELOVL6 expression can modulate fatty acid composition in muscle and backfat and have important sensorial and technological consequences on meat quality [54] and insulin sensitivity [ 7].
Single nucleotide variations in tRNA sequences can modulate codon assignments by altering codon-anticodon pairing or tRNA charging.
Findings from this study show that variations in protein intake can modulate WBPTO and that protein intake approximating the current recommended dietary allowance was not sufficient to achieve nitrogen balance in the endurance-trained males in this investigation.
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