The significance of sexual reproduction is that it is responsible for the genetic variation arising in a population as a result of the segregation and recombination of genetic material via meiosis and syngamy, respectively (the cells that result from sexual reproduction are genetically different from their parent cells).
We exploit exogenous variation arising from the change in reimbursement rules applicable to government institutions from May 2002.
This lies in stark contrast to Darwin's later emphasis on small-scale variation arising within species and then being sorted generation by generation.
However, most classical indices are of limited application to granitoids in a wide area, because these lithotypes generally exhibit wide chemical variation arising from their petrogenesis.
From the perspective of potato improvement, an important limitation is the frequency of off-types due to somaclonal variation arising during the tissue culture phase of plant transformation.
By exploiting variation arising from the reform of the reimbursement structure, we provide quasi-experimental causal evidence of its effect on the hiring response of affected firms compared to unaffected firms.
In essence, a consensus was reached among biologists (sensu lato) that Darwinian natural selection acting on variation arising from random mutation was a sufficient mechanism to explain evolutionary change.
This code only addresses pipes with a nominally uniform wall thickness making it inadequate for designing seamless pipe which is prone to thickness variation arising from the manufacturing process.
Even though this is sufficient to take into account the unmodelled secular variation arising from the interaction of the small-scale magnetic field with the large-scale flow (Eymin and Hulot 2005), the robustness of the results reported here should nevertheless be established when the increase of compute power makes a higher truncation possible.
Thus far, we have discussed how exogenous variation arising from the random assignment of a policy can be used to identify the social effect associated with a specific model the local average model which, as we saw, arises from an economic model where agents conform to their peers.
Exploiting the exogenous variation arising from the change to the reimbursement structure applying to governmental units only, we analyze whether the differential shock in the wage reimbursement amount led to a different hiring response among governmental units compared to the remaining part of the public sector, i.e., municipal/regional firms.
