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(1) Language structure is emergent and, therefore, structural regularity and variation arises from more frequent ways of using language.
Unfortunately, current entropy measures are mostly unable to quantify the complexity of any underlying structure in the series, as well as determine if the variation arises from a random process [11].
He recognised that variation arises from both internal (genotypic) and external environmental (phenotypic) causes and that only the former was of taxonomic significance.
Other variation arises from combination of individuals.
Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 92% of the variation arises from within-population differences.
Some of the intra-cluster variation arises from variations which occur in identifiers, e.g. on marriage.
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We exploit exogenous variation arising from the change in reimbursement rules applicable to government institutions from May 2002.
In the second scenario, variation arose from the entities being measured (all students' arm spans), together with the measurers, their measurement processes and instruments.
However, most classical indices are of limited application to granitoids in a wide area, because these lithotypes generally exhibit wide chemical variation arising from their petrogenesis.
By exploiting variation arising from the reform of the reimbursement structure, we provide quasi-experimental causal evidence of its effect on the hiring response of affected firms compared to unaffected firms.
In essence, a consensus was reached among biologists (sensu lato) that Darwinian natural selection acting on variation arising from random mutation was a sufficient mechanism to explain evolutionary change.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com