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For recessively acting variants which increase susceptibility to disease without necessarily completely compromising reproductive fitness, selection pressures will exert even less effect on allele frequency.
Screening for FAD2 variants which increase oleic acid has been confirmed in soybean [ 27] and novel FAD2 alleles have been pursued in peanut [ 28] and sunflower [ 24].
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Moreover, for each isoallergen gene, there are a series of slightly different alleles that might encode for isoallergen variants, which increases the variability in Mal d 1 proteins [ 6- 8].
Even with its more limited ambitions, it has taken 802.11 in all its versions (the "b" variant, which increased the bandwidth, has been around only since 1997) the best part of a decade to become sufficiently cheap and functional to achieve its present modest level of market penetration.
Meanwhile, in patients who had the APOE4 gene variant, which increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's by as much as tenfold, the drug had little benefit and increased risk of brain swelling due to leaky blood vessels, called vasogenic edema.
It appears that this region of chromosome 19, most probably the gene RAI, often contains a genetic variant, which increases the risk of several cancers among fairly young humans.
These three polymorphisms have previously been shown to have undergone natural selection in Yoruba and encode protein variants which show increased ability to lyse trypanosomes (Genovese et al. 2010).
Conversely, variants of APP and PS1/2, which increase Aß42 production in familial EOAD, were not hits in these studies.
Since the population size of the normal microbiota is large, multiple and different resistant variants can develop, which increases the risk for spread to populations of pathogens.
During the first week of growth of P. stratiotes plants, no discoloration or growth-inhibiting effects were observed in the studied variants which resulted in the increase of plant weight, as well as the number of roots and leaves per plant on the 7th day of the experiment.
Several variants increased both binding level and activity, (region ii), including variant V9Y (YHNNPGFRYMQQNKLHHGSC) which increased binding by 1.5-fold and specific activity by nearly 3-fold compared to the YHNN- lead peptide (Table S2 in File S1).
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