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Bloch-type walls may exist in two variants since the ferroelectric polarization between c-domains of opposite sign can rotate either clockwise or counterclockwise across the wall.
The HapMap database is a subset of the dbSNP database and is less likely to include pathogenic variants, since the HapMap data were generated from randomly selected individuals.
It is unlikely that cDNA microarray analysis can identify splice variants since the technique relies on hybridisation.
Transmitted variants with variable penetrance are commonly termed 'unclassified variants' since the genetic background is critical for their phenotypic expression.
This step is especially important in the case of rare variants since the sequencing error rates for NGS could be close to or even higher than the minor allele frequencies.
We classified SVs detected in both the cancer and somatic control (blood) samples as germline derived cancer variants since the presence of precisely the same SV in divergent somatic cell types implies a common clonal (germline) origin.
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Many GPCR systems have been studied so far by using GFP or its variants, since this is generally the first method of choice for non-invasive imaging in order to monitor gene expression, subcellular distribution and trafficking [ 62].
These observations argue against a defect in classical autophagy mediated by the ATG16L1*300A variant, since the key features of ATG16L1 (binding of ATG5 and other ATG16L1 moieties) needed to form the ATG16L1/ATG5/ATG12 complex are not affected by the ATG16L1*300A variant.
These numbers are based on the pdf-GAL4-driven expression of a nucleus-targeted dsRed-variant, since the cell number was difficult to assess with immunolabelings or membrane-targeted GFP.
This very high DST may underestimate the potential functional impact of a variant, since the majority of variants showing a very high DS have never been observed in mtDNA genomes from both healthy and diseased individuals.
After sequencing both bands we observed a 33 bp deletion before the coding start site in the shorter band which is suggestive for a splice variant since the exon-exon boundary is involved.
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