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While this approach is experimentally feasible only for a limited number of variants and thus lacks completeness over all possible HIV mutation pathways, it is of highest resolution and captures all variants including those of very low fitness.
Many IDE variants, including those studied by Prince et al. and by our group, have been analyzed in additional follow-up studies of Caucasian [27] [38], Japanese [39], and Han Chinese [40] case-control series.
The two clades differ at several variants including those affecting TAP2 splicing.
For genomic coverage, we selected 143,022 exonic variants, including those imputed and genotyped by exome chip.
By contrast, use of degenerate primers allows for the detection of BLV sequence variants, including those that arise from mutations.
New genome editing techniques enable the assessment of genetic variants, including those of uncertain significance, in a native chromosomal context [ 42].
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Additional proposed disease variants include those of the α-adducin gene (increasing sodium/potassium pump activity), the glucagon gene, (reducing cAMP production and impairing natriuresis), the serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK1) gene (enhancing aldosterone induced expression of sodium channels) [6], and genes involved in arachidonic acid metabolism [7] (reviewed in [8]).
Functional variants included those that were non-synonymous, located in conserved DNA, and/or present in DNA regions with gene regulatory potential.
Almost all studies of PTPN22 to date have focused on the R620W variant including those failing to find association with psoriasis.
Several Android variants, including the popular Cyanogen OS, include extensive controls over the kinds of personal data apps have access to on a smartphone.
Table 4 (left-most column) provides an overview of the process variants including the master process.
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