Sentence examples for variants have lower from inspiring English sources

Also, when both rare and common variants are included into the analysis, it is of interest to evaluate the change in the performance of the tests when rare variants have lower effect sizes than common SNPs.

Importantly, the weakening of statistical power as a result of incomplete genome-wide marker coverage and small sample size will be intensified if causal variants have lower MAFs (i.e., rare causative alleles) than the genotyped SNPs used for the GWAS (Yang et al. 2010)—an unfavorable situation that likely occurred in our GWAS of tocochromanol grain traits.

This can occur if the properties of the markers used to create the GRM are different from the segregating causal variants, for example, if the GRM is based upon common SNPs and the causal variants have lower heterozygosity, leading to loss of information due to imperfect linkage disequilibrium (Yang et al. 2010).

Mutations in PCSK9 that are gain-of-function increase LDLR degradation and cause a severe form of FH [7], but interestingly loss-of-function variants have also been reported that result in less LDLR degradation, and carriers of these variants have lower plasma LDL-C levels [8,9].

For example, studies have shown that while elderly men who carry HFE gene variants have lower tibia, patella, and blood lead concentrations than wild-type subjects [ 23], children who carry either HFE or TF variants have higher BPb than wild-type peers [ 22].

All variants had lower levels of circularization than the wild type reference with levels ranging from 67% to 90% the level of the wild type reference (Fig. 4H).

While Iversen et al. found that most chronically infected, HLA-A2-positive patients with evidence of positive selection for escape mutations in SL9, or fixed escape variants, had lower viral loads than patients carrying the wild type sequence, we found that escape mutations within the overlapping GY9 and SL9 epitopes in our patient in early infection correlated with an increase in viral load.

Among elderly men, subjects with HFE variants had lower patella lead levels.

The performance of the tests when rare variants had lower effect compared with common variants ("Risk Common" scenario) is presented in Panel 3 of Figure  1.

Carriers of the minor alleles for the tightly linked rs4917 (T) and rs4918 (G) variants had lower fetuin-A concentrations (−0.07 g/L [∼13%] per minor allele in Caucasians and −0.05 g/L [∼11%] in African Americans).

It is a common finding that SNPs explain less variance than the classical heritability estimates [ 27, 28], which is attributed to causal variants having lower minor allele frequency than the genotyped SNPs [ 15], insufficient modeling of Identity By Descent by SNPs [ 16], and incomplete linkage disequilibrium (LD) between causal variants and genotyped SNPs [ 15].