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Under certain assumptions about the effect size distribution of rare variants and selection pressures, cohorts of more than 25,000 cases may be required in order to find these signals, along with an equally large number for replication [95].
These factors are increasing in prevalence; this increase, together with the ongoing evolution of viral and microbial variants and selection for drug resistance, suggests that infections will continue to emerge and probably increase and emphasizes the urgent need for effective surveillance and control.
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The search for the adaptive function of allozyme variants and balancing selection at the physiological level ensued.
To facilitate the interpretation of variants and the selection of candidate non-synonymous polymorphisms (nsSNPs) for further clinical studies, we developed BALL-SNP.
Since balancing selection signatures are expected to extend over short genomic portions, we focused our analyses on 11 regions carrying putative functional polymorphisms that may represent the disease variants (and the selection targets).
Reduced diversity at synonymous sites, a skew toward low-frequency variants, and reduced selection for codon usage bias in fast evolving proteins are all features expected under recurrent adaptive amino-acid evolution.
We performed exome sequencing with Agilent SureSelect exon capture and Illumina HiSeq2000 platform, followed by variant annotation and selection of rare, shared mutations that fit a recessive model of inheritance.
A Multi-Criteria compromise ranking method, is recommended for a comprehensive evaluation of design variants and for the selection of the optimal SWHS integration Design Variant.
Recently, Doyle and colleagues demonstrated that highly specific ligand receptor pairs can be engineered in a rapid fashion by creating large libraries of protein variants and applying a selection scheme to identify variants with improved activation by the target synthetic ligand.
Selfish cultural variants, or memes [43], can lead to maladaptive traits spreading if the rate of imitation exceeds that of competing adaptive variants and overwhelms opposing selection [15], [16].
PDN identified GxE variants and genes under selection from climatic and geographical features.
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