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Despite the methods proposed in this manuscript, analyzing associations between rare variants and complex diseases remains quite challenging.
In general, interpreting association tests between rare variants and complex traits is an emerging problem in the field [62], [63].
Although recent research has demonstrated that the allele×environment strategy is promising for detecting individual vulnerability to environmental risk, reported associations between gene variants and complex behaviors are in general weak.
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have successfully uncovered thousands of robust associations between common variants and complex traits and diseases.
In comparison, genomics is limited by the lack of linear associations between genetic variants and complex phenotypes.
Moreover, associations between common variants and complex phenotypes resulting from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) need to be in principle extensively replicated across different populations [ 42].
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Reinterpretations of structures and the use of enzyme variants and complexes with inhibitors and slow substrate provided further insights, which will be discussed for the individual enzymes.
Aiming at the characteristics of nonlinear, time variant and complex multivariable of fan filter units'(FFU) motor speed regulation process control system.
Focussed on supply chains with high variant and complex products within the automotive industry first scenarios have been built up and the benefits of this integrated documentation approach can be visualized.
Recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies have provided compelling evidence of association between genetic variants and common complex diseases.
She added that the future of GWASs may lie in identifying rare (perhaps population-specific) high-impact variants and more complex structural variants, characterizing effects of genes and lifestyle, and extensive DNA functional studies.
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