NfsB variants were engineered so that each NfsB molecule only has one cysteine group on the enzyme surface.
To understand the influence of these aromatic amino acids and the associated high hydrophobicity, apoA-I variants were engineered in which aliphatic amino acids were substituted with or without causing a decrease in overall hydrophobicity.
T-cell receptors specific for an immunodominant Gag epitope, SL9, and its escape variants were engineered to achieve supraphysiological affinity and fused to a humanised CD3-specific single chain antibody fragment.
APC activates cell signaling networks with alterations in gene expression profiles by activating protease activated receptors 1 and 3. To minimize APC-induced bleeding risk, APC variants were engineered to lack > 90% anticoagulant activity but retain normal cell signaling.
Using murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) as a model system, we examined the antiviral effects of an EGS variant, which was engineered using in vitro selection procedures.
A variant, C410Y, was engineered to bind LCA with increased sensitivity (EC50 value of 3 μM and a 34-fold activation) in mammalian cell culture assays.
To exmine the feasibility of virus-encoded mimic epitopes to initiate CNS autoimmunity, we recently developed a molecular mimicry model of virus-induced demyelinating disease wherein a non-pathogenic variant strain of TMEV was engineered to encode a 30-mer peptide encompassing the immunodominant myelin proteolipid protein, PLP139 151, epitope.
The Fc variant of IgG2, designated as IgG2σ, was engineered with V234A/G237A /P238substitutions/A330S/P331S substotutions to eliminate affinity for Fcγ receptors and C1q complement protein and consequently, immune effector functions.
In this study a wild strain of MCMV, G4, which expresses a variant m157 incapable of activating Ly49H, was engineered to express murine zona pellucida 3 (mZP3) and assessed for its ability to sterilise female C57BL/6 mice.
Using directed evolution, a variant of this CGTase (mutant S77P) was engineered that formed almost no hydrolytic products while maintaining native CD forming activity and stability (Kelly et al. 2008b).
