Sentence examples for variant viruses that from inspiring English sources

These findings led us to hypothesize that quail could play an important role as intermediate hosts that permit adaptation of influenza viruses from wild aquatic birds and the generation of variant viruses that can cross to other species, such as chicken, pigs, or humans.

It has been shown that laboratory adaptation of a duck H9N2 virus (A/Duck/Hong Kong/702/79) through serial lung passages in quail and chickens generated variant viruses that produced a large-plaque phenotype, showed rapid replication kinetics in tissue culture, and gained the ability to replicate efficiently in mice [47].

These mutations are a classic example of Darwinian evolution [ 5]; they occur in a random fashion and the variant viruses that have the best genetically endowed combination of efficient infection, rapid replication, and greatest survival become the dominant populations.

Phylogenetic analysis of the 3 specimens showed that the genome contained the M gene from pH1N1 and 7 gene segments (hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, polymerase PB1, polymerase PB2, polymerase PA, nucleocapsid protein, nonstructural protein) similar to those from North American swine H3N2 subtype viruses and variant viruses that previously caused infection in humans (13 ).

Our results suggest that laboratory adaptation of a duck H9N2 virus through serial lung passages in quail and chickens generated a variant virus that is capable of efficiently replicating and transmitting in chickens.

However, a unique transmission event with the ElSalv/57 virus occurred which produced a 226L/228G H2naturalral variant virus that displayed an increase in binding specificity to alpha 2,6 glycan receptors and enhanced respiratory droplet transmissibility.

Comparison of the α2,6 binding signals over the entire viral titer range between Alb/58 and the ElSalv/57 natural variant viruses shows that Alb/58 virus has a higher α2,6 binding affinity than the natural variant.

Viruses bearing these early CCR5-using envelopes were generally sensitive to the CCR5 inhibitors PSC-RANTES and TAK-779, but they demonstrated more variable sensitivity to sCD4.These subtype A HIV-1 variants, representing the viruses that must be blocked by antibody-based prevention strategies, vary in their susceptibility to neutralization.

The control of diseases associated with highly variable RNA viruses requires close monitoring of the variant virus types that periodically dominate in viral populations.

Stocks of LCMV, strain Armstrong, and a LCMV variant GP1V virus that possesses an amino acid mutation at position 38 (F to L) in the GP33-41 epitofe of LCMV Armstrong were used.

We evaluated the characteristics of HIV-1-specific NAbs in 100 breast-fed infants of HIV-1-positive mothers who were HIV-1 negative at birth and monitored them until age 2. A panel of eight viruses that included variants representative of those in the study region as well as more diverse strains was used to determine the breadth of the infant NAbs.