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Here we have shown that clinically typical amnestic Alzheimer's disease and PCA (the major visual variant phenotype of Alzheimer's disease) are both associated with impaired auditory spatial processing.
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Some somatic embryo-derived oil palms showed a 'mantled' variant phenotype that affected the formation of floral organs in both male and female flowers.
The small colony variant (SCV) phenotype of menaquinone (vitamin K2) mutants in S. aureus has been well studied [ 103- 110].
Maynard Smith et al. (1985, page 266) defined a developmental constraint as "a bias on the production of variant phenotypes or a limitation on phenotypic variability caused by the structure, character, composition, or dynamics of the developmental system".
However, also less severe variants ("intermediate phenotype") of the disease have been described, where residual plasmalogen biosynthesis slightly alleviates the symptoms [29 34].
The main promise of hiPSC technology is that by capturing the effects of thousands of individual gene variants, the phenotype of differentiated derivatives of these cells will provide more information on a particular disease than simple genotyping.
Variant phenotypes were detected in 8 of the 28 lineages.
As much of the regulation of lignin synthesis and the physiological role of lignin within the cell wall are still unclear, examination of extreme variant phenotypes, representing natural metabolic plasticity, present a profitable research opportunity whilst not compromising plant integrity in commercial application.
Relative frequencies of rare AAT variant phenotypes (non-M, Z, and S) and associated serum concentrations in the clinical population have not been thoroughly described.
Mutant data were compared to the relevant reference range and variant phenotypes determined using a standardized set of rules.
However, clonal regenerant animals display variant phenotypes caused by defective epigenetic reprogramming of gene expression [ 2], and clonal regenerant plants exhibit poorly understood heritable phenotypic ("somaclonal") variation [ 4 7].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com