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In the case of allele 1 of SNP14, the observed dominance effects reduce the gene substitution effects and their variances (additive genetic variances available for selection) for the traits included in the breeding goal.
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Here, we show that condition-dependent expression is not sufficient to maintain genetic variance available to sexual selection in multiple male sexually selected traits.
Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) refers to the ratio between the amount of variance at the school level to the total amount of variance available at both student and school level.
Additionally, with larger or different populations, and more variance available for selection, it is possible that hyperoxia might affect responses to selection.
Social interactions alter the genetic variance available for response (eqn 11).
This solution converged in 6 iterations and explained 73.5% of the total pooled variance (available from authors on request).
Because is not a component of phenotypic variance, IGEs create a situation where the genetic variance available for response to selection may exceed the phenotypically observed variance,.
When these effects are of opposite sign, the genetic variance available for response to selection may exceed the phenotypically observed variance among individuals.
In conclusion, response to genetic selection can be partitioned into the strength of selection, the accuracy of selection, and the genetic variance available in the population (eqn 6).
At its current frequency, the observed dominance (overdominance) effects of the deletion allele reduced its substitution effect (and additive genetic variance available for selection) in the population substantially.
Large amounts of genetic variance available in the initial wild population leads to fast evolutionary response, introducing the time dependency of evolutionary rates, discussed above.
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