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It could be argued that the plateau in species resolution and reduced variance that occurs with increasing numbers of loci may be due, in part, to the high number of regions shared among different multi-locus comparisons.
The statistical analyses were performed on (natural) log-transformed data to account for increases in data variance that occurs as the level of response is increased.
The ICC is the proportion of response variance that occurs between clusters, as a proportion of the total variance (within and between clusters) [ 1].
In her article, Hadley makes a significant contribution to this Special Issue by using her data to outline the dynamic within-person variance that occurs in dealing with emotions at work.
Institutional accreditation and individual certification may not be enough, given the complexity and considerable variance that occurs in areas that traditionally offer academic credibility such as examination and simulated skill-testing systems.
Cumulative error testing, and the significant variance that occurs between (but not within) males in Atlantic salmon (and other taxa) mean that n = 10 sperm can accurately represent each male's mean sperm length (Gage et al. 1998; Morrow and Gage 2001).
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A second limitation of cross-fostering designs that use full sib cross-fostering is that they can only control for those aspects of environmental variance that occur after the cross-foster manipulation itself.
Moreover, the visceral temperatures (Tb) of bluefin tuna within these areas showed a significantly higher variance that occurred independently of the variation in external temperature (Table 3).
This shrinkage of coefficients prevents overfitting by compensating for the variance inflation that occurs due to multicollinearity.
Royston [ 20] addresses this problem, and using his equations the required sample size is reduced due to the variance reduction that occurs when using regression.
We used two methods of measure to determine changes in lymphoedema in the trial due to the variance that can occur in the definition of lymphoedema and to quantify changes that could occur from the intervention.
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