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variance reduces to ∑ j = 1 n c j 2 E [ ξ j 2 ∣ H ] = 1 a.s.s
Regression analysis on choice behavior over all participants and trials show that the estimated coefficients for each of these two variables have the expected sign: a higher expected value increases the probability of choice of the lottery; a higher variance reduces this probability (Table 1).
As a consequence, fixation of the allele coding for lower fertility variance reduces the intensity of genetic drift and facilitates adaptive evolution in future generations.
In the simple case of asexual haploids, this variance reduces to the familiar p t(1 − p t), where p t is the average frequency of the mutant at generation t.
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Limiting cases of the relations for residence time and variance reduce to well-known expressions for fixed-bed separations.
In this paper, we analyze the asynchronous communication protocol in PetuumSGD, and propose a distributed version of variance reduced SGD named DisSVRG.
The more that the variance reduced, the stronger the relationship between the variables and participation.
However, decreasing spot market price levels and decreasing price variance reduce incentive strength.
Reducing the span reduces the bias but also increases the variance (reducing smoothness).
Further, we show how regularized estimations ensure the best trade-offs between bias and variance, reducing overfitting, and allowing the incorporation of prior knowledge in a systematic way.
Therefore, the PS used for classification were sorted according to their variance across all compounds (Suppl. Fig. S7), and then, this list of 100-PS was sequentially (starting at the one with lowest variance) reduced in steps of one.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com