Two types of defects exist in software: variance from product specifications and variance from customer expectation (such as the wrong function being implemented).
However, the variance in product ion intensities induced by these factors should be consistent from run to run when the same peptides are analyzed.
In order to evaluate the intra-assay and interassay variances, three products that contain whey (as a labeled ingredient): yogurt, margarine, and dietary supplement were analyzed by sandwich ELISA.
Therefore, if all cultures of a MTP are induced at the same time, which is a common procedure in high-throughput cultivation processes, differences in the initial biomass concentration lead to variances in product formation.
"A lot of the price variance [of food products] happens because of… volume based pricing.
Increasing extent scales from 250 to 3000 km raise spatial variance of all products and all study areas according to a power law, which is varying seasonally.
Nowadays tools and dies are still being produced in job-shop environments due to the complexity and high variance of the products.
The above estimates of the mean of the mutant fitness by using the sample means were supplemented by evaluating their sample variances using the formulas for variances of the products and ratios of independent random variables [57].
The set of Gaussian functions is closed under multiplication, i.e. the product of normal densities is also a normal density, with the mean and the variance of the product density given by μ = ∑ μ i σ i 2 ∑ 1 σ i 2 and σ 2 = 1 ∑ 1 σ i 2 respectively.
As one key driver of cost and complexity the product variance is taken into consideration.
