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In the linear increasing phase of population's number, some new individuals are generated with gauss distribution by using the adaptive mean and variance of the population.
To circumvent the problem of premature convergence and local minima, a dynamically varying inertia weight based on the variance of the population fitness is used.
Models were fit using weighted least squares; the population mean, μ, was estimated; and the variance of the population mean, Var, was estimated using both an analytical variance estimator, −−ˆVan, and an empirical bootstrap estimator, Vboot.
The result is that the total variance of the population mean estimator cannot be asserted to comply with the IPCC good practice criteria because not only is it not minimized, it is not even correctly estimated.
At high detection probabilities in particular, the variance of the population estimate was small resulting in narrow confidence limits.
Thus, underestimating the variance of the population estimate appears to be the primary cause of the low coverage probability although deviations from normality likely contributed in some cases.
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We add that diversity depends on the phenotypic variance of the populations and highly dynamic localities are less likely to support specialist Symbiodinium types.
In the densest cells, the mean sphericity (a dimensionless measure of surface-to-volume) is not significantly different than for other cell populations, but the distribution variance of the oldest population is significantly increased.
In only two of the 1654 cases is the variance of the female population significantly higher than the variance of the male population.
At the same time, iteroparity decreases the variance of the effective population size, which might lead to a decreased risk of demise because of stochastic population events.
Iteroparity however also decreased the variance of the effective population size, which might lead to a decreased risk of demise because of stochastic population events.
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