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The implementation of such complex selective pressures would involve many more assumptions and parameters (range and variance of selection coefficients, spatial patterns of selection, choice of association between selection values and specific HLA alleles) and would constitute an exciting but difficult further development of this study.
Therefore, if the PEV reliability is used as a measure of the reliability of selection, it should be computed based on the additive genetic variance of selection candidates.
These results not only show which processes contribute to the reduction of the reliability of selection in selected populations but also that the base PEV reliabilities overestimate the reliability of selection in such populations by using the base additive genetic variance instead of actual additive genetic variance of selection candidates.
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In addition, these locus specific means and variances of selection coefficients are themselves treated as independent, normally-distributed random variables.
Allele frequency changes at all loci, genetic variance, accuracy of selection and inbreeding under all selection criteria were calculated for each generation and were used for comparisons.
In parallel, genetic variance, accuracy of selection, inbreeding and loss of favourable alleles over generations were also studied, which helped to interpret the consequences of the different strategies.
To understand why BL was superior to RR for long-term genetic gain, we examined the genetic variance, accuracy of selection and loss of favourable alleles.
In the different models, expressions are given (when these can be found – otherwise unbiased estimates are given) for prediction error variance, accuracy of selection and expected response to selection on the additive genetic scale and on the observed scale.
As shown in this study, this overestimation can be mitigated either by calculating the PEV reliability based on the reduced additive genetic variance of the selection candidates or by using theoretical equilibrium reliabilities.
Isolates differed in their degree of adaptation to the different cultivars as indicated by the significant cultivar-by-isolate interaction in the analysis of variance for selection coefficients (Table 7).
According to a two-factor analysis of variance, adequate selection of structural types dependent upon service environments enhances the performance and longevity of constructed bridges.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com