Sentence examples for variance of background from inspiring English sources

In low concentration area, where saturation effects are negligible, the signal can be represented by I = Isat·K·c and SNR can be then defined as: <img src="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=info?doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000913.e004.PNG" class= inline-graphic"/> The derivation of the detection threshold requires a priori knowledge of the mean and variance of background.

A comparison of variances was even more marked, with the variance of between-person variation in treatment effects being only about one tenth the variance of background within-person variation.

For this purpose, the Otsu method [34] is used, which chooses the threshold to minimize the intraclass variance of the background and foreground, to compute the binary threshold for the original fingerprint and that of the uniformly illuminated image.

In an ideal case, when the noise is generated from independent identically distributed random processes, the percent variance of the background noise is constant.

Indeed, the accumulated excess variance in the initial principal neurons (Figure 8) was comparable to the average POM indicated in Figure 5, and small compared with the accumulated variance of the background noise level.

10.7554/eLife.00467.006 Figure 4. Gain is controlled by the mean not the variance of the background.

The variance of the background is estimated from the difference between the 20th and the 40th percentiles.

We then subtracted the mean variance of the background uEPSPs from the uEPSP variance and divided the result by the mean uEPSP amplitude.

2. Estimate the enrichment score and its variance of the background gene set V =  W ∪  W c, (13) μ = 1 p ∑ i ∈ V s i, (14) σ 2 = 1 m p − m p − 1 ∑ i ∈ V s i 2 p − ∑ i ∈ V s i p 2, with p = | W ∪  W c |. 3. Estimate the standardized enrichment score (15) Z = s ¯ − μ σ.

Note that the PM-estimate exceeds the MM signal roughly by the factor sc ≈ 5 – 10 at comparable variance of the residual background distribution (see Figure 9, part b).

To test the hypothesis that TRs in promoter regions may increase expression noise, we evaluated whether genes containing TRs in their promoter regions had greater expression variance than two sets of background genes.