Estimated dominance variance was substantial for most of the analyzed traits.
As expected, the daughter variance was substantial and the residual variance was heterogeneous across the environmental classes for traits on the observed scale (not shown).
In simulations, the test maintained the type I error rate and was moderately powerful after adjustment for type I error rate, except when the between-trial variance was substantial.
The composite effects on the estimated predictive accuracy of simultaneously increasing the magnitude of outliers and reducing the genetic variance were substantial regardless of sample size but were more debilitating when the sample size was small than when it was large.
The shared variance was substantial, indicated by the small increase in R2 – the variance accounted for by the model – from around 0.5 for the models containing only governance (Model 1) or GDP (Model 2) to 0.52 when combined in Model 3. * p <.005 ** p <.001 This goes to the heart of Menon-Johansson's conclusion that governance is an important part of international public health [ 13].
In simulation studies, we found that the type I error rate of the proposed test was in agreement with the nominal type I error level and that the proposed test had overall moderate power after adjustment for type I error rate, except when the between-trial variance was substantial in which case the empirical type I error rate was considerably inflated and the empirical power was low.
The inferred epistatic pairs explained 6 8% of the residual phenotypic variance, which is substantial given the size of the QTL detected in the single-QTL scan.
While the normal model may be motivated by asymptotic arguments, in actual applications the number of estimates to be combined is commonly small [ 13, 14] and hence the estimation uncertainty in the between-study variance τ is substantial, so that an adjustment is appropriate and in fact improves operating characteristics [ 7– 15, 15].
In a simulation study, it was concluded that if selection aims at improving susceptibility the error of applying a classical "non-cure" survival model was non-neglible, especially if endurance and susceptibility were lowly genetically correlated and when genetic variance of endurance is substantial [ 19].
Each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages and there is substantial variance in phenotype and biology between different models.
