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The advantages of this solution are two-fold: constraining of the total phenotypic variance in this way reduces measurement error.
Fourth, and perhaps most important, decomposing Y variance in this way appears to be intuitively clear.
Modeling offspring variance in this way assumes equal variances of maternal and paternal traits and that the segregation and recombination of genes during reproduction introduce a constant amount of variation into the population (Roughgarden 1979).
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Furthermore, computing variances explained in this way will never lead to negative variances or to order reversals between proportion mediated and variance explained as in the examples, and more generally, will not be asymmetric in its treatment of the direct and the indirect effect.
The bank referred to studies showing a huge variance in the way banks estimate potential losses from loans, derivatives or other business activities.
The development and persistence of these impairments is believed to occur due to a maladaptive response to pain ('movement' or 'control' alteration), resulting in a lack of variance in the way tasks are performed and further perpetuation of pain [ 14].
Results show wide variance in the ways spirituality is operationalized and the need for definition and conceptual clarity in research in spirituality.
One source may be the variation in constructing the pools, although previous use of pools for genotyping efforts have shown that variance introduced this way in large pools is minor (Megens, Crooijmans and Groenen, unpublished results).
This is a Gaussian random variable with mean zero (we set the rest potential to zero without loss of generality) and variance σ R 2 > 0. In this way, we model the spike duration and refractory period, as well as the random oscillations of the membrane potential during the refractory period.
In this way, the variance accounted for by genotype was higher in FAMuSS than GWAS that typically involve older subjects.
In this way, the variance accounted for by genotype was higher in FAMuSS than GWAS involving older subjects partially due to the confounding effects of age being less in younger populations.
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