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This approach to analysing vulnerability therefore requires attention to social structures (such as modes of governance and rules of land tenure, for example) as well as to patterns of variance in resources and livelihood assets at the individual and household level (Pelling 2003; Few 2007; Gaillard 2008).
We now go on to show that an increase in objective variance in resources enhances cooperation.
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Generally, under what seem like conservative maximum plasticity constraints, spatial structure accounted for less than 10% of the variance in resource allocation.
Group formation and food sharing in animals may reduce variance in resource supply to breeding individuals.
In such situations solitary individuals may profit from high variance in resource availability.
Thus, in resource sharing groups the strength of reproductive skew allows controlling the variance in resource availability.
In such groups resources are not shared equally among the members and inter-individual variance in resource supply may be extreme.
Though the control of variance in resource supply may be a very general and important benefit for groups that share resources there are further benefits of grouping.
First, LWD promotes habitat heterogeneity (reviewed in Schlosser 1991), which may in turn increase the variance in resource availability and territory quality.
The influence of variance in resource acquisition on foraging decisions has been extensively discussed in the context of risk sensitive foraging [ 16, 18].
Most have found it to have reasonably good predictive validity, explaining a significant proportion of the variance in resource use (e.g., as measured by service contacts, length of stay and costs) and treatment outcome (e.g., as measured by readmission rates, retention in the community, treatment response and death) [ 23, 28, 41- 43].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com