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Variance in phenotype or phenotypic variance is symbolized as \(V_P\).
Variance in phenotype can result from gene interaction effects, or epistatic variance, \(V_{I}\).
Each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages and there is substantial variance in phenotype and biology between different models.
The occurrence of the resistant allele in both the dead and alive specimens suggests that kdr mutation may exist with another factor necessary for the expression of the resistance phenotype, and resistance could also be multigenic as a result kdr may not fully explain all the variance in phenotype [48], [51] [52].
Our best-fit models explain 45.2% or 48.2% of the variance in phenotype (Table 1).
In practical terms, our methods should allow the recapture of a large part of nonlinear variance in phenotype prediction.
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Paré et al. (2010) have described how an interaction, either genetic or environmental, can induce genotype dependent variance in phenotypes.
A new approach to identify most important common genetic variants that contribute to explain variance in phenotypes by a systematic analysis of our genome has only recently become available as the Genome Wide Association GWAanalysissis [ 4].
Under induced switching, however, this is not the case: under the same scenario, the change in x does not depend on the variance in phenotypes frequencies: a proportion α of the common X phenotype that is matched by Y will immediately switch to the other phenotype in the next generation (which is why the arrows are so much longer in the corners of Figure 4B).
Besides random X-inactivation, many other factors can also cause differing variances in phenotype across the three genotypic classes.
The different populations that were studied can explain these opposing results, as well as the variable pre- and analytical methods used and the variances in phenotype of EMP studied.
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