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We therefore used a sandwich estimator to obtain robust variance estimates.
Variance estimates of regression coefficients obtained from the sandwich estimator (i.e. not accounting for design effects) were similar to bootstrap variance estimates (i.e. accounting for design effects).
However, the MH variance estimates are more cumbersome to calculate.
The simulations show that the variance estimates are, on average, unbiased.
errors leads to biased variance estimates whenever the true covariance structure is not spherical.
Between-sire variance estimates for NCM were 0.065 in Poisson and 0.007 in the linear model.
had no discernible effect on mean and variance estimates, regardless of the distributional pattern of biota.
The unbiased variance estimates come at some cost to signal detection efficiency.
Variance estimates were computed at the cultural group, person, and within-person level using multilevel models.
Such estimates are also called minimum variance estimates.
Variance estimates in this condition were thus less accurate than in the other conditions.
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