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Transient response statistics such as the mean value and the variance are evaluated numerically.
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However, if the variance is evaluated with much shorter time intervals than used for control, the oscillations are not present.
Normality was determined by plotting the theoretical quantiles versus standardised residuals (Q-Q plots), while homogeneity of variance was evaluated by plotting residuals versus fitted values [44].
All response variable data were tested for normality using normal probability plots, and homogeneity of variance was evaluated by plotting residuals versus predicted values from a preliminary fixed factor model.
Homogeneity of variance was evaluated with Levene's test.
Homogeneity of variance was evaluated using Levene's test.
For each of the RNA quantity and quality parameters measured, differences in variance were evaluated.
The district level variance was evaluated for the different characteristics of street-based FSWs.
The statistical significance of Fst and the partitioned molecular variance were evaluated by performing 10,000 random data permutations [ 29].
Normality and homogeneity of variance were evaluated using the Shapiro Wilk (P < 0.05) and Levene (P < 0.05) tests, respectively.
Sample variance was evaluated by conducting 1,000 bootstrap replications of estimation of the item characteristic functions with sample replacement.
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