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Factor 5 shows a high (>0.9) positive loading for phosphate and contributes 6.93 % to the total variance and can be associated to anthropogenic contamination factors.
The second moment (μ 2) of f(x) about the x-mean is known as the variance, and can be solved as a summation expression by following a similar development as in Eqs.
The mean difference has variance: and can be estimated using maximum likelihood estimation from observed differences while taking into account correlations among environmental factors.
We demonstrate that the number of sequence reads per position from methylC-seq data displays a large variance and can be modeled as a shifted negative binomial distribution.
However, the effect is not strong: it only explains a small part of the variance and can be fully explained away by the stronger reaction to expected punishment levels in the competition condition.
The random-effects meta-regression model [ 13] is similar to the un-weighted linear regression model: However, the u i here is assumed to follow a normal distribution on the log odds scale with a zero mean and an uncertain variance, which represents the between cluster variance and can be estimated when fitting the model.
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A general stochastic model is employed in which no specific structure is assumed about the variance covariance matrix of the measurement errors, or in other words, different elements of the same vector, and/or different vectors can have different variances and can be arbitrarily correlated.
Note that genetic variance (and GxE) can be present both among- and within-populations in our study.
For EEG seizure detection and prediction, signal statistics such as variance and entropy can be used for channel selection.
Assuming that the heights are normally (Gaussian) distributed with some unknown mean and variance, the mean and variance can be estimated with MLE while only knowing the heights of some sample of the overall population.
Therefore, variance and dissimilarity can be replaced by contrast, while the other six parameters describe textural features.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com