Scatter plots with linear regression and Lowess smoother lines were used to determine the likely relationships between variables of a population.
Instead, predictor variables of a population's health needs are often used [ 53- 56], chiefly due to advantages including that the data are cheaper to access, more reliable and regularly updated, and importantly for this research, the data are available at a much smaller geographic scale, thereby enabling a sensitive small-area measure of health needs, particularly for rural populations.
Second, pattern size and shape are found to be highly variable among flowers of a population, but very similar among flowers within a plant (Paulus 2007, personal observation).
Gilbert et al. (1991) found that nectar secretion was highly variable within plants of a population and suggested that floral visitors could distinguish between low and high nectar secreting plants.
In estimating, for example, the mean of some variable in a population, the mean of the sample data is a "statistic" (i.e., estimated mean) and the unknown population mean is the actual parameter of interest.
ORIs are released from nuclear matrix attachment upon replication [47] and usage of an ORI appears to be highly variable amongst a population of cells [28]; thus, it is possible that the scaffold attachment of infrequently used origins would not be readily detectable in our assay.
In the following derivations, it is essential to distinguish between: 1) the expected value of a random variable and 2) the average value of that variable in a population.
36 Assuming an α level of 0.05, a 5% margin of error (for categorical data), an SD of 0.5 (for a primary outcome community readiness measured as a binary variable) in a population of 6500 PLHIV at the Yaoundé Central Hospital, we arrived at a sample of 402, taking into account a 'refusal to participate rate' of 10% documented in another text messaging study among PLHIV in this clinic.
However, gene expression is typically variable across a population of individual T 1 transformants and T 2 seeds are segregating for the newly introduced transgene.
However, these risks cluster together and it is difficult to determine the individual contribution of each variable at a population level.
The potential confounding variables of, first, age structure of a population within a ward and, second, levels of social deprivation within a ward were identified.
