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We found variable staining patterns with two different anti-GATA3 antibodies.
For analysis as a dichotomous variable, staining < 10% was classified as ECM1-negative and ≥ 10% classified as ECM1-positive; this allowed comparisons to be made against previous studies.
One problem, the rather variable staining intensity of the transformed cells, can be dealt with by sophisticated image processing algorithms to detect these properly.
Since the quality of staining was consistently high for ER, we selected TMAs previously stained for the nuclear marker DNA replication licensing factor MCM2 (MCM2) with variable staining quality to demonstrate differences in signal-to-noise detectable by the nuclear algorithm.
Immunocytochemical staining of MUC4 in 13 major and minor salivary gland neoplasms reveal variable staining of normal and neoplastic tissue.
Cytotrophoblast of the chorion and early placental villi and syncytotrophoblast of all gestational ages demonstrated a lighter, more variable staining pattern.
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The five anti-CD138 mAbs stained RPMI-8226 cells (>98%) with variable stain index (SI).
The positive staining scoring method is totally subjective and artifacts such as high background or variable stain deposition can skew the results and the scores for the two categories remain as separate functions and cannot be combined for analysis and comparison [ 42].
Other tumor types were more variable in staining pattern, although the staining pattern reliably predicted 99mTc-sestamibi uptake in almost all tumors except chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.
The comparison of tumour expression between RT PCR and IHC was carried out using a Mann–Whitney test with fold overexpression as a continuous variable and staining considered as positive or negative.
For statistical purposes, cutoff points for continuous variables and staining index categories were based on the distribution curve for the values.
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