The study deals with the discrete nature of decision variables, namely, pipe diameters, as they are usually available in market in standard sizes.
This paper uses copula modeling to determine dependency between several variables of pipe condition and compare how it may be a better choice for determining correlation dependency for data which are non normal and skewed.
Determined by the local pressure and temperature, the fluid thermophysical properties are variable with the pipe length and time.
When we omitted the pipe variable, we obtained consistent results, with slightly lower coefficients and levels of significance on some of the price variables.
Thereafter, the effects of random design variables on the pipe behavior are quantified by probabilistic analysis.
Furthermore, case studies on prediction of heat exchange rate (HER) have been conducted at different conditions of design and installation with variables such as pipe spacing, installation depth, pipe diameter, circulation water temperature, flow rate, and operation condition.
To allow for the role of interface friction angle to be investigated, the rest of the variables including the pipe diameter, burial depth, particles friction angle and soil Young's modulus were kept constant.
And according to the results of theoretical calculation and analysis, it is revealed that the heat transfer resistances of the GHE with "3-in&1-out" pipes under variable conditions are always less than that of GHEs with either single U-pipe or double U-pipe.
Vine copula is used to develop multi variable simulation models for pipe data.
Pazanin [16] presented the result as regards an asymptotic approximation of the micropolar fluid flow through a thin or long straight pipe with variable cross section and explicitly addressed the effects of the microstructure on the flow.
