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Differences between groups were assessed using a χ2 test or a Fisher's exact test, depending on the applying conditions, to compare categorical variables, and Student's t-test or nonparametric tests (Mann–Whitney U test) to compare continuous variables, according to the variable normal distribution.
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For continuous variables, normal distribution was analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk test and showed all data as not normally distributed.
Comparisons between diabetes cases and controls were performed by Chi-square (categorical variables), t test (continuous variables, normal distribution) or Mann-Whitney U test (continuous variables, skewed distribution).
For continuous variables, normal distribution was evaluated with the Kolmolgorov-Smirnov test.
For continuous variables, normal distribution was analysed by the Shapiro-Wilk test.
For continuous variables, normal distribution was excluded by using the Shapiro-Wilk test.
Simple comparison was made between groups using the Student's t-test for continuous variables (normal distribution), the Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables (non-normal distribution), and the χ test for categorical variables.
For continuous variables, normal distributions were analyzed by using the Shapiro-Wilk test.
Data shown for quantitative variable when normal distribution are means ± SD or median and interquartile range for variables with non-normal distribution.
So for example, assume that you have a normal distribution one random variable with normal distribution.
The Kolmogorov Smirnov test revealed that any variable showed normal distribution (P < 0.05); accordingly, non-parametric tests were used.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com