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Fourthly, we calculated instrumental variable estimates of genetically determined odds ratios by using the Wald-type estimator, which involves taking the ratio of the mortality allele score log odds ratio to the exposure allele score coefficient and then exponentiating to express it as an odds ratio.
Experimental data indicate that children use the same criteria as do adults, but give more variable estimates of duration.
Depending on how double cross-validation is parameterized (test set size, number of repetitions), it either yields biased or highly variable estimates of the prediction error.
Furthermore, the microparameters k 3 and k 4 were poorly determined by method B, which lead to variable estimates of V T and BPND that differed markedly from the values obtained with other methods.
Previous meta-analyses have found high specificity but low and highly variable estimates of sensitivity.
In summary, throughout the period studied, use of blood culture alone as a measure afforded more variable estimates of current trend than other measures, and detected changes in incidence later.
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Combining estimates by this MLE rule yields the least variable estimate of and thus more precise estimates of object properties.
In the Copenhagen General Population Study, the instrumental variable estimate of the causal effect of hyperuricaemia on systolic blood pressure was similar to the observational estimates.
Enteric CH4 production rate varies widely over 2 h intervals, potentially contributing to a highly variable estimate of emission rate if measurements are short term.
The instrumental variable estimate of the causal effect of uric acid on systolic blood pressure, when pooled, was 0.65 mm Hg (95% confidence interval −0.54 to 1.85) per standard deviation increase in uric acid.
Normalized to area, this volume yields a basin-wide erosion rate of 0.28 ± 0.11 mm yr− 1, which is similar to previous time-variable estimates of erosion throughout the Olympic Mountains, including those from river sediment yield, cosmogenic 10Be, fluvial terrace incision, and thermochronometry.
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