Sentence examples for variable dispersal from inspiring English sources

Note that variance in reproductive success occurred naturally in this model because of the variable dispersal and survival outcomes.

Instead, this region acts as a "variable dispersal filter" with affects that depend on the life history characteristics and dispersal modes of individual taxa [ 22].

The complex combination of chemicals present in traffic emissions, and their correspondingly variable dispersal with distance, has contributed to the lack of consensus on the distance at which their impact diminishes to "safe" levels [ 11, 12].

Having found kin discrimination once, we expect to find kin discrimination elsewhere in plants, since variable dispersal, variable competitive situations, and increases in fitness when competing with kin, are found in other plants.

Active vents are not known from the Hess Deep proper, but video surveys of the adjacent Hess Deep Rift Valley have identified vents that host R. pachyptila, though they were not sampled (T. Shank 2009, pers. comm).. Further exploration of the equatorial region is warranted because we do not know why it creates a variable dispersal filter for several vent taxa [reviewed in 15].

Expected heterozygosity (H E) was above the overall average in the sampling sites grouped by the predictor variables dispersal barrier (bar), biotic interaction (bio), LGM refugia (ref), Holocene expansion (hol) and distance to range limit (lim).

We thus tried to disentangle the direct and indirect effects of these variables on dispersal.

Nevertheless, the distribution of expected overlaps generated by this randomization test is informative, as it estimates expected differences in niche breadth if species' environmental tolerances were uniform across all combinations of environmental variables, and dispersal to all regions considered "background" were possible.

Hurtado et al. [ 25] first noted that several annelid species exhibit variable impedance to dispersal across the Equator, and Plouviez et al. [ 26] reported that one or more historical vicariance events might have separated NEPR and SEPR populations.

However, the variable levels of dispersal that were found between populations examined in this study are consistent with earlier findings from a range of coral species (c.f. [ 16, 47]) and previous studies of genetic connectivity in marine invertebrates from the coast of East Africa, which have all reported gene flow over distances of hundreds of kilometres [ 48- 51].

There is no general pattern in how the variability in dispersal is distributed among butterfly species: we did not reveal consistently 'variable' species and other 'conservative' species where all dispersal metrics were conserved.