Allele frequencies were most commonly correlated with the precipitation variables in association tests.
For example, 77% (65/85) and 83% (50/60) of the studies in categories C and D, respectively, selected variables using bivariate association tests at the 5% significance level, and 97% of the 89 studies in categories B, C, and D that selected variables based on significance tests of the individual regression coefficients in the multivariable model also used a 5% alpha-level.
The new features of "heatmap3" include highly customizable legends and side annotation, a wider range of color selections, new labeling features which allow users to define multiple layers of phenotype variables, and automatically conducted association tests based on the phenotypes provided.
Large pool sizes make it difficult to differentiate between rare variants and sequence errors, while the variable representation of each haplotype among those sequenced makes MAF estimates more variable and complicates association testing.
For comparing means between ordinal variables, linear-by-linear association testing was performed implemented by the "coin" R-library.
Percent European ancestry was determined by STRUCTURE for each individual and used as the independent variable in tests of association.
We initially considered RA practice as a dependent variable, and tested associations with independent variables using non-parametric Mann–Whitney U and chi-square tests.
When looking for association between variables, χ tests rejected the null hypothesis of no association between the type of employment and the variables city (P = 0.029) and specialization (Yes/No) (P <0.001).
Univariate odds ratios (OR) were calculated for each categorical sociodemographic, symptom-related and clinical variable to test the association between variable subgroups (e.g., presence or absence of a specific symptom) and colorectal neoplasia.
This study builds upon earlier work by using an emerging indicator of weight distribution, the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), as the primary outcome variable to test this association [ 17, 18].
