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For specific foods with potentially high nutrient variability, participants are asked to provide the brand name.
In order to reduce intersubject variability, participants consisted of a homogeneous group of 30 college students [15 male, 15 females, aged 23.5 ± 1.2 (mean ± SD) years].
With reference to measures of gait variability, participants showed significantly increased spatio-temporal variability in 2 out of 3 measures during DT walking (i.e., CV - gait velocity: f = 0.24, CV - stride length: f = 0.63; cf. Figure 2A-C).
Similarly, his proposed measurement of outcome ("blood pressure") and measures for accounting for variability ("participants chosen at random") justify appropriate cause-and-effect conclusions about the effectiveness of the high blood pressure drug.
In order to reduce hormone-related between-subject variability, participants were invited for the experiment during the first 10 days of their menstrual cycle (early and mid-follicular phase) or during the discontinuation week in case of oral contraceptive usage, which resembles the early and mid-follicular phase in terms of ovarian hormonal levels (Cohen & Katz, 1979).
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As Loomis et al. ([1999]) observe, cognitive and affective states are often induced by verbal instructions or written passages, such as scenarios or vignettesc, the effectiveness of which in terms of variability across participants varies according to attentional, motivational and imaginative capabilities of participants.
Given variability in participants' levels of motivation and success with quitting, counseling calls are individually tailored to the participant's level of motivation and progress.
Figure 5a displays some variability among participants' self-reported religious behavior.
We model this using a stochastic process which captures the variability in participants' responses to the same treatment.
The greatest variability between participants' results was associated with calibration events for which users selected different methods and values by which to shift results.
By means of a reanalysis of published data (Schreuder & Baayen, 1997), using random regression models, we present a proof of existence of systematic variability between participants that is ignored in the standard psycholinguistic analytical procedures.
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