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The effects depend on building and site features; therefore the knowledge of underground thermal properties and space-time variability of thermal phenomena are fundamental for building design.
Existing approaches for exploration of shallow subsurface geothermal energy storage often lack the ability to provide information concerning the spatial variability of thermal storage parameters.
The model accounts for atmospheric temperature fluctuations at the ground surface, an arbitrary geometry of GHEs operating in time-varying heating/cooling modes, and anisotropy and uncertain spatio-temporal variability of thermal conductivity of the ambient soil.
In general, more fractures in the reservoir lead to a drop in the variability of thermal performance but also leads to a higher likelihood of having a worse production temperature compared to the base case scenario of no aperture variations.
A skin twitch is a very obvious and repeatable reaction, however, variability of thermal thresholds at the nostrils was in fact lower than at the withers, indicating that the defensive reaction at the head can repeatedly be detected despite being a more individual, behavioural response, which is not influenced by sedation.
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The natural isotopic variability of deep thermal waters and consequently of carbonate formed over short time intervals (e.g., scale formation in this study) is typically considered to be very low.
In the present study, apart from quantifying strain variability on thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes, also biological variability and experimental variability were determined to prioritize their importance.
Teneva, L. et al. Predicting coral bleaching hotspots: the role of regional variability in thermal stress and potential adaptation rates.
The scenario analysis shows that the impact of renewables variability on the performance of thermal power plants and on the generation expansion planning is non-negligible.
Gypsum board is ubiquitously used in fire resistant construction, yet there is wide variability in reported values of thermal conductivity of gypsum at high temperatures.
Studying insects with complex life cycles, especially those with aquatic or subterranean larval stages, can provide valuable information on the effects of thermal variability and predictability on phenotypic plasticity.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com