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Unfortunately, the experimental unit in James' studies was the students rather than the classroom, which may underestimate the variability of the students, likely confounding these results.
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A formal scaling procedure also was applied to these data to confirm that, indeed, the largest dimension of variability among the students was service productivity.
Despite the subjective nature of the admission orders, and the variability of student responses, the kappa values between the faculty members in grading the admission orders and questionnaires reflected moderate to substantial agreement [ 11].
We started with a null model to estimate the variability of students' ratings at each of the levels (i.e., extent of variability between measurement points within lessons, between lessons within students and between students).
The current study aims at investigating the variability of students' approaches across three learning environments and at relating these approaches to students' general study orientations and their context-specific perceptions of the learning environment, using a sequential explanatory mixed-method design.
In this two-facet fully crossed research design, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to estimate the variability of students' scored performance as each variance component defined may contribute to error in measurement.
Based on SAEB's 2001 data, Laros (2012) mentioned that the percentage of repeaters in a class is the most important school-level variable to explain the variability of student performance in Portuguese (mother tongue).
This group of coefficients accounts for the variability of overall student grades from section to section.
Nonetheless, this negated any inter-operator variability and provided a more accurate assessment of the students.
Therefore, variability of students' boredom can be segmented into three components: between times within lessons, between lessons within students and between students.
Variability of students' boredom can be segmented into three components: between times within lessons, between lessons within students and between students.
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