Exact(4)
It seems that the modification in control strategy observed for chronic LBP subjects could be an adaptation to limit the variability of force production.
In addition, it has been reported that at lower levels of force, variability of force increases at an increasing rate because of synchronization of the motor units (Yao et al. 2000).
It has also been proposed that variability of force during isometric actions is described best by a sigmoidal, symmetric logistic function of the force signal (Christou et al. 2002).
Newell and Carlton (1988) reported that variability of force increases as level of force increases, while other data showed that variability increases linearly as the level of force increases up to 65% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), but then it decreases at force levels greater than 65% of MVC (Sherwood and Smith 1980).
Similar(56)
A Laplace model is used to describe variability of forces and bending moments measured at some location on a cultivator frame.
Cook et al. [ 97] investigated factors related to the large variability of forces used during passive accessory intervertebral movements and they found that examiners' age, gender, experience, background and education, and frequency of use did not contribute to this variation.
Further, Christou et al. [21] showed that practicing an endpoint accuracy task resulted in a significantly reduced variability of the force trajectory, peak force, and time-to-peak force in healthy adults and was significantly related (range r = 0.394 0.585) to the improvement in time endpoint error.
Because of variability of the force vs. penetration relationship (FPR) from one blow to another in percussive drilling, and difficulty to predict FPRs under such conditions, use is commonly made of simple FPR models, such as the bilinear one defined by its loading/unloading slopes.
Variability of muscle force would increase even more when antagonistic cocontraction would be increased (Selen et al. 2005) which, given the fact that stiffening the trunk does not limit kinematic variability in the present task, could further increase sway amplitudes.
However, most previous studies often ignore the spatial and temporal uncertainties of train mass, and the variabilities of tractive force, braking force and basic running resistance on energy consumption in order to simplify the model formulation and solution algorithm.
Since the variability of the forces in vertical direction is lower than that of the other direction force [ 18, 20], in this study, we selected the GRF in vertical direction for the quantization of gait symmetry.
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