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The spatiotemporal variability of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Tehran, Iran, is not well understood.
The variability of ambient conditions is accounted for by means of the specification of the critical point conditions for the design of the network.
For the third metric, the population-weighted average concentration, we created statistical models to characterize the spatial variability of ambient air pollutant concentrations throughout Atlanta [ 13, 14].
This may be because persons aged <45 years belonged to occupational population who were more susceptible to <span class="lh">variability of ambient temperature.
Concordance was higher during the winter survey (ρ = 0.91, p < 0.01) than in spring (ρ = 0.59, p = 0.01), apparently due to a greater daily variability of ambient PM2.5 concentrations in winter than in spring, and not to home-specific characteristics.
To assess error due to instrument imprecision and spatial variability of ambient concentrations, 1999-2004 datasets were used for the 12 pollutants with data completeness for this time period (2,192 days) ranging from 82% to 97%.
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Table 2 identifies the spatial scales of variability for ambient pollutants to consider in the study design for the National Children's Study.
In contrast to the improved spatial resolution of land use regression-based exposure estimates, exposures determined from ambient monitors are directly related to a larger number of measurements, include more precise temporal information, and capture a different spatial scale of variability in ambient air pollution (Marshall et al. 2008).
Three animals from each group were exposed each day, to account on average for day-to-day variability in concentration and composition of ambient particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5).
VI-Severity and FWHORL modeled over half the variability of the three year average of ambient ozone concentrations (P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.53, RMSE = 2.73).
The combined impacts of regional variability in ambient chemistry (in particular DOC, pH and hardness) and landscape properties (water residence time) can change the CTPs of these metals for freshwater by up to three orders of magnitude and change the relative ranking of metal hazard between ecoregions.
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