Although recent advances have been made in understanding the mechanisms that underlie these modes of variability, long-term observations are necessary to detect how the thermohaline circulation of the ocean is changing due to natural variability and/or increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
In contrast to other sources of variability, long-term annual variability has not been well studied in stream ecosystems (Jackson and Füreder 2006).
Explaining the Increased Variability in Long Term Interest Rates, Economic Quarterly, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, 1999.
The two methods of AOGCM input were: (1) based strictly upon the multiple AOGCM input, and (2) a Monte Carlo approach of seasonal variability around long term (decadal) temperature trends.
There is year to year variability, but the long term trends are very clear," said Deke Arndt, who heads the global monitoring branch at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information.
Most biomarkers displayed moderate-to-excellent intra-individual variability over the long term, suggesting their utility in prospective studies investigating etiologic associations with diverse chronic conditions.
Several factors contribute to inter-annual, seasonal, and spatial variability in benthic communities and bioassessment metrics, and perhaps the most important source of inter-annual variability is long-term variability in climate.
The long term variability is the "between person" variability caused by individuals' long term changes in blood pressure deviating above or below the average change of the group.
Some have suggested that A1C variability, reflecting long-term glycemic variability, may be linked to vascular complications by increasing oxidative stress (13).
However, the measured variability is close to the margin of error, and, if real, is most likely a long term variability.
