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The function of the valves has been demonstrated experimentally using a PDMS microfluidic system.
Endovascular application of pulmonary heart valves has been recently introduced clinically.
Decellularization treatment of heart valves has been thought to eliminate tissue immunogenicity.
Objectives: Degeneration of bioprosthetic heart valves has been suggested to be at least partly an immunogenic reaction toward the xenogeneic tissue.
The journey to improving the haemocompatibility of heart valves has been complex, often driven by failure to join the loop between mechanical design and physiological requirements.
TGF-β accumulation in valves has been linked to progression of valve fibrosis and subsequent calcification (3).
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Such valves have been used in heart-valve replacement surgery for decades.
This time the valves were open, and after what investigators said were some evasions, Mr. Easter admitted that the valves had been kept open, except during announced inspections.
It was the first time replacement heart valves had been created in this manner, said the lead author, Dr. Kyoko Hayashida.
Rows of powerful fans fitted with water valves have been set up to spray the horses before and after they compete.
In addition, a new magnetic testing procedure can now detect much smaller cracks than previously possible, and three crack-free valves have been installed on the Discovery.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com