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Thick lines are theoretical values of the reflection coefficient calculated using ak135 (Kennett et al., 1995).
It is found that large values of the reflection response are obtained when the flame approaches the limit of instability.
Concentration increases within the experimental apparatus at the end of the experiments ranged between 1.25 and 1.55 for nitrate and 1.43 and 1.49 for phosphate times greater than the initial concentration and the calculated values of the reflection coefficient ranged between 0.58 to 0.84 for nitrate and from 0.76 to 0.88 for phosphate.
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(c) Absolute value of the reflection coefficient | Γ | for different coupling ratios κ / = 1, 0.8, 0.5.
In Figure 2(c) we plot the absolute value of the reflection coefficient at ξ = ξ crit for various loss rates γ.
According to our analysis, the observed increase in resistivity of the Ag/Cr films is caused dominantly by increased grain boundary scattering which corresponds to an increased value of the reflection parameter R of the Ag films, ranging from 0.35 to 0.46, and by increased residual resistivity due to deposition of the Cr films, with respect to those of the base Ag films.
Then, the absolute value of the reflection coefficient and its phase can be extracted as follows [18]: r E = E R E I = 1 + R 1 - cos 2 δ 2 + R - 1 sin 2 δ 2 1 - R cos 2 δ 2 + R 2 sin 2 2 δ Open image in new window (17) ϕ E R E I = tan - 1 R - 1 1 + R cot δ.
This article aims to investigate the attenuation of longitudinal modes in a coated pipe by comparing predicted and measured values for the reflection coefficient of an axisymmetric defect in a pipe coated with bitumen.
To compare the normal and cancerous brain tissue quantitatively, the reflection ratio was used, that is, the measured values of the THz reflection images were divided by the peak-to-peak value of the THz pulse reflected from the layer between the metal plate and quartz window.
Remarkably, it is found that the magnitude of the ITA peak increases with decreasing values of the acoustic reflection coefficient, and vice versa.
Theoretical and experimental values of the R reflection coefficients of the electrons are calculated to be 0.32 and 0.35 for single-layered Ag films, and 0.46 and 0.45 respectively for Ag/Cr films, by taking an average over the whole temperature and thickness range studied.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com