Moderate, vigorous, and extremely vigorous activities were assigned scores of 4, 8, and 10, respectively, to represent the approximate MET values expended and were weighted according to the amount of time spent in each activity to estimate average daily energy expenditure (information available in the online appendix [ http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/dc08-1886]).
Their youth share their parents' values, expend considerable social energy avoiding the violence around them and consume far fewer drugs than their white working- and middle-class counterparts, despite their disproportionate arrest and incarceration rates".
Indeed, the guiding economic principle of the day was Mercantilism, which, in retrospect, rather idiotically valued expending large amounts of resources--and sacrificing even more Native lives--to dig up vast supplies of unproductive precious metals on one side of the world, in order to hold them in vaults on the other side.
But, like all things of lasting value, effort expended over a longer time period leads to refined reward.
In a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies describing barriers to prenatal care, Downe et al. found that low-income women considered the value of expending their personal resources (e.g., time, money) against the value obtained by attending prenatal care [ 45].
As for us workaholic types who construe value with effort expended, the authors conclude: "Our work cautions that such individuals might not only be complicating their lives to end up with objectively worse outcomes, but that their incessant quest of effort could result in dire consequences, from health problems to regret that one missed out on life's simpler pleasures".
Although there is no consensus on a threshold for good value for resources expended, we present our results in the context of commonly cited thresholds of incremental cost per QALY of $50,000 or $100,000 [ 21]].
The amount of the asset's value that is expended in each accounting period is determined by the depreciation method, which is explained later.
But surely photography's value can never be expended, regardless of how hackneyed it is?
Once initiated, they run on auto-pilot without any effort to optimize the value received for the dollars expended.
The dilemma is to go for dedicated support, facing the risk that there will be little value for the public money expended, or to play a modest role, just creating favorable conditions like fiscal regimes and adequate intellectual property regulation, accepting there will be suboptimal developments.
