Exact(1)
Assuming that the position of one particle in the current frame is (100, 50), under the condition ( {A}_t^x={A}_t^y=1 ), the particle is propagated to (100 + random_x, 50 + random_y) in the next frame, where random_x and random_y are random values decided by the estimated velocity and acceleration.
Similar(59)
The parameter t is a threshold value decided by the user.
Sometimes, it is a value decided by the user itself, where training data is usually kept larger than test data.
Each particle represents a potential solution to the optimization problem and it has a fitness value decided by optimal function.
Next, the true pairs of DOA and delay values are decided by applying the T-MUSIC algorithm at a sensor different from the sensor used in the first step.
Our cutoff value was decided by the manufacturer's recommendation, while Giovanella et al used the cutoff value originally selected for lung cancer and benign lung diseases.
The best k-mer value was decided by checking the N50 of the SOAPdenovo results.
The cutoff value was decided by the formula: Cut off = Mean ± (3X S.D .. Mean is the average of all the healthy samples considered and S.D. is the standard deviation of the healthy samples.
The basic idea is that the present value of the pledged loan payoff is equal to a put option's value.While the interest rate is fixed and the loan is without coupon, we analyzed the pledged loan-to-value ratioin the option pricing perspective and got it that the pledged loan-to-value ratio is decided by term, excessreturn, and the value volatility of the pledge.
As for P CCT, it consists of the transmission circuit power consumption P CCT − tx and reception circuit power consumption P CCT − rx, exact values to be decided by detailed hardware components.
Each biomarker had its own cut-off values which were decided by standard specificity or sensitivity from its own ROC curves based on the training set.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com