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The raw reflectance values are standardized by comparison to a white reference standard that evenly reflects all wavelengths of light (e.g., Spectralon, Labsphere, North Sutton, New Hampshire, USA).
All values are standardized.
Then, all values are standardized.
Then, all values are standardized (Eq. 9).
All the feature values are standardized to correct their scales for distance calculation.
Values are standardized ß-coefficients.
Similar(45)
All trait values were standardized by standard deviation, so that the total variance was equal to 1.
Quantifications were performed using a standard curve, and all values were standardized to GAPDH determined in the same sample.
Relative values were standardized by dividing them by the standard deviation of the log2 values [ 38].
The resulting six estimated values were standardized to have mean 0 and standard deviation 1 within each probeset.
BMI values were standardized to have zero mean and one standard deviation.
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